Several key codes and regulations govern healthcare facility construction. Adhering to these codes is crucial for legal compliance and successful hospital operation.
The International Building Code
The International Building Code (IBC) provides comprehensive requirements for building design, construction and maintenance. It has been widely adopted into state and federal law, so its guidelines are also applicable for healthcare facilities. The IBC sets standards for building design, construction materials, structural systems, fire safety and accessibility of buildings.
ANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE Standard 170
The American Society for Health Care Engineering (ASHE) uses code Standard 170, Ventilation of Health Care Facilities to dictate minimum air flow, humidity control and room pressure control within hospital buildings.
NFPA
The National Fire Protection Association’s (NFPA) Life Safety Code (LSC) — otherwise known as the NFPA 101 — is part of the NFPA’s effort to minimize the risk of fire. Specifically, it addresses requirements for fire alarms, sprinklers and safe egress from the building.
NFPA 99, also called the Health Care Facilities Code (HCFC), is a set of minimum requirements for installation, inspection, testing and maintenance for equipment and appliances. It specifies the minimum criteria for gas and vacuum systems, electric systems and hyperbaric chambers and facilities.
Along with the LSC, the HCFC requirements need to be followed for recertification under Medicare/Medicaid.
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) makes sure a building is accessible for users with many types of special needs. ADA standards call for entrance ramps, ample doorway size that can accommodate wheelchairs and grab bars in bathrooms.
Facilities Guide Institute
The Facilities Guide Institute (FGI) publishes guidelines for planning, designing and building medical facilities. These guidelines go into architectural and design details for hospitals, outpatient facilities and residential health facilities. Although referred to as guidelines, the rules in the FGI are written as standards and are enforceable when adopted into state law.
Challenges in Complying with Hospital Building Codes
Hospital owners and builders must work collaboratively to ensure that both new and existing facilities adhere to relevant building codes. However, achieving this can be challenging when trying to balance budgets, timelines and regulatory requirements.
Overlapping and Conflicting Codes
Building codes governing healthcare facilities do not always align. For example, NFPA codes may differ from ICC guidelines, while state or local authorities may impose even stricter standards. Contractors must therefore be familiar with all applicable codes and follow the most stringent requirements to remain fully compliant.
Balancing Cost and Compliance
Meeting regulatory obligations while managing design ambitions and financial limitations can be particularly demanding. Close coordination between project stakeholders enables teams to balance these competing priorities and deliver compliant, cost-effective results.
Ensuring Clear Communication
The extensive range of regulations affecting hospital construction can make collaboration complex. Effective communication among stakeholders—including architects, engineers and healthcare professionals—is essential to ensure everyone remains aligned and informed throughout the project.
Best Practices for Meeting Hospital Building Codes
Keeping Pace with Evolving Regulations
Healthcare regulations evolve constantly in response to technological progress and shifting community needs. Contractors and facility managers can maintain compliance by staying informed and adaptable. Ongoing education and digital tools that track relevant standards can be invaluable in managing these changes effectively.
Partnering with Industry Associations
Membership in professional organisations such as the American Society for Healthcare Engineering (ASHE) or the Facilities Guidelines Institute (FGI) offers valuable access to resources, updates and peer networks. These associations help builders remain current with building codes while striving for optimal project outcomes.
Collaborating with Specialist Contractors
Constructing healthcare facilities requires expertise beyond standard commercial building. Engaging experienced, specialist contractors ensures compliance with complex and evolving safety and health regulations while meeting the operational needs of the facility.
To discuss healthcare facility construction and the key issues facing the industry, connect with solution providers and network with delegates, attend the Healthcare Facility Design and Build Summit taking place on November 4-5, 2025, in Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
For more information, visit our website or email us at info@innovatrix.eu for the event agenda. Visit our LinkedIn to stay up to date on our latest speaker announcements and event news.
